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Nacholapithecus kerioi was an ape that lived 15-14 million years agocite-ref-1[1] during the Middle Miocene. Fossils have been found in the Nachola formation in northern Kenya. The only member of the genus Nacholapithecus, it is thought to be a key genus in early hominid evolution. Similar in body plan to Proconsul, it had a long vertebral column with six lumbar vertebrae, no tail, a narrow torso, large upper limbs with mobile shoulder joints, and long feet.cite-ref-2[2]

Together with other Kenyapithecinae such as Equatorius, Kenyapithecus, and Griphopithecus, Nacholapithecus displayed synapomorphies with Anoiapithecus.cite-ref-3[3]

• Taxonomy

• Fossil finds

• Notes

• References

Nacholapithecus was initially classified as belonging in Kenyapithecus,cite-ref-4[4] then attributedcite-ref-5[5] to Equatorius (with Equatorius perhaps grouped into a subfamily Equatorinae, instead of both species in Afropithecini),cite-ref-6[6]cite-ref-7[7] finally recognised by Ishida et al. (1999) as a separate genus.cite-ref-8[8]cite-ref-9[9]cite-ref-10[10] Classified perhaps as a member of the family Proconsulidae.cite-ref-11[11]

Nacholapithecus kerioi is known from the lowest part of the Aka Aiteputh Formation, one of five formations in the Neogene System in Nachola, Samburu District, northern Kenya.cite-ref-12[12]cite-ref-13[13] The formation is largely part of the north-western rift flank overlying the Nachola Formation.cite-ref-14[14]

cite-note-11. ↑ Sawada et al. 2006

cite-note-22. ↑ Henke & Hardt 2007, p. 1020

cite-note-33. ↑ Moyà-Solà et al. 2009

cite-note-44. ↑ Ishida et al. 1984

cite-note-55. ↑ Ward et al. 1999

cite-note-66. ↑ Cameron 2004

cite-note-77. ↑ Cameron 2004, p. 101

cite-note-88. ↑ Ishida et al. 1999

cite-note-99. ↑ Russon & Begun 2004, p. 305

cite-note-1010. ↑ Ishida et al. 2004, Abstract

cite-note-1111. ↑ Zalmout et al. 2010

cite-note-1212. ↑ Nakatsukasa & Kunimatsu 2009, Abstract

cite-note-1313. ↑ Sawada et al. 2006

cite-note-1414. ↑ Ishida et al. 2006, p. 74

• citerefcameron2004Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166.

• citerefhenkehardt2007Henke, W.; Hardt, T. (2007). Handbook of paleoanthropology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32474-4.

• citerefishidapichfordnakayanakano1984Ishida, H.; Pichford, M.; Nakaya, H.; Nakano, Y. (1984). "Fossil anthropoids from Nachola and Samburu Hills, Samburu District, Kenya". African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue. 2 (2): 73–85. doi:10.14989/68314.

• citerefishidakunimatsunakatsukasanakano1999Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Nakano, Y. (1999). "New hominoid genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya". Anthropological Science. 107 (2): 189–191. doi:10.1537/ase.107.189.

• citerefishidakunimatsutakanonakano2004Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Takano, T.; Nakano, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2004). "Nacholapithecus skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 46 (1): 69–103. Bibcode:2004JHumE..46...69I. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.10.001. PMID 14698685.

• citerefishidatuttlepickfordogihara2006Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2006). Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (eds.). Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. ISBN 9780387296388.

• citerefmoy-sol-albaalm-cijacasanovas-vilar2009Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M.; Almécija, S.; Casanovas-Vilar, I.; Köhler, M.; de Esteban-Trivigno, S.; Robles, J. M.; Galindo, J.; Fortuny, J. (2009). "A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade". PNAS. 106 (24): 9601–06. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9601M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106. PMC 2701031. PMID 19487676.

• citerefnakatsukasakunimatsu2009Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y. (May–June 2009). "Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution". Evolutionary Anthropology. 18 (3): 103–119. doi:10.1002/evan.20208. S2CID 84530387.

• citerefrussonbegun2004Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (2004). Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (eds.). The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521783354.

• citerefsawadasaneyoshinakayamasakai2006Sawada, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Sakai, T.; Itaya, T.; Hyodo, M.; Mukokya, Y.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; Tanaka, S. (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene Hominoids Nacholapithecus, Samburupithecus, and Orrorin from Kenya". Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96. doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6. ISBN 978-0-387-29638-8.

• citerefwardbrownhillkelley1999Ward, S.; Brown, B.; Hill, A.; Kelley, J.; Downs, W. (1999). "Equatorius: A new hominoid genus from the middle Miocene of Kenya". Science. 285 (5432): 1382–1386. doi:10.1126/science.285.5432.1382. PMID 10464093.

• citerefzalmoutsandersmaclatchygunnell2010Zalmout, I. S.; Sanders, W. J.; MacLatchy, L. M.; Gunnell, G. F.; Al-Mufarreh, Y. A.; Ali, M. A.; Nasser, A.-A. H.; Al-Masari, A. M.; Al-Sobhi, S. A.; Nadhra, A. O.; Matari, A. H.; Wilson, J. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2010). "New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys". Nature. 466 (7304): 360–364. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..360Z. doi:10.1038/nature09094. PMID 20631798. S2CID 205220837.

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